Study on development strategy of petroleum supplement and substitute energy sources for medium-term and long-term in China. The development of supplement and substitute energy sources for petroleum has great significance for fulfilling the ever increasing petroleum requirement and assuring national energy security. The Chinese Academy of Sciences recently organized academicians and specialists to study medium-term and long-term energy sources development strategy in China. Petroleum resource in China is investigated. The requirement and production capacity are predicted. Necessity to develop supplement and substitute energy sources is described. Developing substitute fuel and exploitation of unconventional petroleum is studied. Progress and prospect of using coal, natural gas and biomass as fuel are also studied. In the field of transportation, development of energy-saving composite transportation system, electric railway traffics, energy-saving and fuel substitute and electric vehicles and progress and prospect of fuel cell and power batteries are also investigated. Conclusions and suggestions are also presented. 0 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: medium-term and long-term energy sources development strategy in China; petroleum supplement; substitute energy sources; saving oil vehicles; biomass
YAN Lu-guang (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China), CHEN Jun-wu, ZHOU Feng-qi, et al. // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 1-12.

Sliding-mode variable structure with integral action under αβ frame for DSTATCOM. A strategy of control using sliding-mode variable structure control with an integral action was used in DSTATCOM. The steady error of current control is effectively reduced, and the response speed was accelerated by the integral action in the proposed scheme. It has good robustness against parameters deviation in both transient and steady states. The strategy is using sliding-mode variable structure control on the state model of DSTATCOM system which is completely decoupled under the αβ frame. The simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. 7 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: sliding-mode variable structure; αβ transform; DSTATCOM; reactive power compensation; filtering.
HOU Yong (College of Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China), XIE Guang-zhi, TONG Jian-dong // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 25-28.

Design and application of high-capacity shunt hybrid active power filter. According to the integrated requirements on harmonic elimination and reactive power compensation, the paper considers better filter performances and less cost of active power filter, and then forms a whole set of design methods for high-capacity injection type shunt hybrid active power filter. Its application in a smeltery’s 220KV substation can meet the harmonic suppression requirement well and the effect is obvious for both high performances and low cost. China has few applications of high-capacity shunt hybrid active power filter till now, hence the given parameter design method and engineering experience are useful for applications and research of other active power filter. 9 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: active power filter; novel injection; shunt hybrid structure; parameter design; engineering application
ZHOU Ke (Hunan University SEIE, Changsha 410082, China), LUO An, TANG Xin, et al. // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 29-33.

Excitation control design based on differential geometry theory and active disturbance rejection control. Uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown parameters are considered in this paper. At first a geometric coordinate transform are adopted. For the affine nonlinear system, the nonlinear element can be transformed into the state equation that contains control input by differential geometry method. Owing to the accuracy of differential geometry, in the transformed system, the linear parts are accurate, while the inaccuracy of model or parameter appears in the nonlinear parts. ADRC (Active Disturbance Rejection Control) proposed an innovative strategy to overcome uncertainty problem. We use Extended State Observer to estimate the perturbations and eliminate them by feedback. For the linear system, the control rules can be got via the mature linear system theory such as optimal theory. Based on that, the excitation control rules of one machine and infinite bus system are presented. The simulation carried out on PSASP shows that the presented method improves the robust of excitation control. 4 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: nonlinear excitation control; active disturbance rejection control; simulation
MA You-jie (Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300191, China), WANG Xin-zhi, ZHOU Xue-song // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 34-37.

A high accuracy and quick detection algorithm for phase and frequency of power fundamental wave based on the cyclic shift character of the base phasor. A new DFT algorithm is proposed in this paper. The fundamental wave’s complex angle of the sampling data calculated by the new DFT is just the phase of signal fundamental wave. It makes the phase of fundamental wave to follow the signal rapidly. The control loop using the phase of fundamental wave as feedback is constructed to realize the adaptive sampling interval technique and make the frequency of fundamental wave to follow the signal rapidly based on the equal-angle interval technique. It greatly reduces the spectrum leakage and improves the accuracy of the fundamental wave analysis. The Step-by-Step algorithm character of the new DFT not only greatly reduces the computation burden but also ensures real time analysis. A high accuracy and quick detection method of harmonics and reactive currents in APF is proposed in this paper using the same algorithm. The simulation results show its validity and feasibility. 13 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: phase of power fundamental wave; harmonics and reactive current; base-phasor; EAISP; new DFT algorithm
CHEN Ming-kai (College of Elec. Eng. and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China), LIN Lin // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 38-42.

Optimal design research of the CPMR for EV with extended speed range. This paper presented an optimization design method of Combined PM-Reluctance Motor (CPMR) for extending speed range with constant output power used in electric vehicles. Based on the analysis of the hybrid excitation of the PM synchronous motor, optimized length of the permanent magnet and reluctance part is obtained pursuing the minimum inverter ampere rating according to the drive system's actual parameter and speed range. Performance compared with the IPM motor shows that CPMR can satisfy the requirements of the high startup torque and the wide speed range of the EV system and result in improved efficiency and power factor within the whole speed range. 9 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: permanent magnet reluctance; hybrid excitation; electric vehicle 
ZHAO Yu (Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), CHAI Jian-yun // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 43-46.

Progressively converging deadbeat control for UPS inverter. The traditional deadbeat control for UPS inverters has a robustness problem. The parameter imprecision greatly harms the stability of the system. A novel deadbeat control method - the progressively converging deadbeat control- is proposed in this paper to deal with the problem. In the traditional deadbeat control method the sinusoidal signal serves as the voltage reference, while in the novel control method the weighted average of the sinusoidal reference signal and the current output voltage signal is chosen as the target value of the next sampling instant. The weighing value can be adjusted according to the systematic performance. A 1kVA prototype was built based on DSP. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the progressively converging deadbeat control has small static error and fast dynamic response. Further analysis proves that the robustness for parameter variation is better than the traditional deadbeat control. This method is an improvement of the traditional deadbeat control. 6 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: UPS inverter; deadbeat control; robustness
WANG Meng (State Key Lab of Power Systems, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), LIU Ya-dong, LI Fang-zheng, et al. // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 47-50.

Study on space charge and dielectric character of dielectric after high energy electron radiation. Dielectric materials are widely used in various radiating environment. When they are radiated, not only the charge will cumulate inside and on the surface of the material, leading a pulse discharge phenomenon, but also a permanent change on physical and chemical structure of the material is happened. Therefore, before any kind of dielectric is used into spacecraft, the charge character and degradation of the raw material in space radiation environment must be researched. In this paper, a special mesh electrode system that can be used to measure space charge of the material in vacuum and high-energy electron beam radiation situation by PEA (pulse electro-acoustic method) is designed. The space charge distribution within several dielectric materials is researched and some changes of dielectric character are studied after they have been radiated by high-energy electron beam. 11 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: radiation; dielectric; pulse electro-acoustic method; space charge; permittivity; loss characteristic
LIU Xiao-dong (National Key Lab of Power Equipment and Electrical Insulation, Xi’an Jiaotong Univ., Xi’an 710049, China), ZHENG Xiao-quan, ZHANG Yao-qiang, et al. // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 55-59.

Monitor system of arcing faults based on Duffing oscillator signal detection. The chaotic oscillator detection method uses the bifurcation behavior of the Duffing oscillator to detect the signals. The chaotic system is sensitive to certain signals and immune to noise, thus the performance is propitious to the detection sensitivity and anti-interference capability. In the paper, a new method for the monitor system of arcing fault is presented. There are weak signals before arcing fault, which signals are annihilated by strong noise. When the signal is added to duffing oscillator signal detection as periodic disturbed force, if the system is on state of interim chaos, which proves there is arcing sound, then arcing sound is acted as early warning. Arcing sound, arcing light and current happen simultaneously. The monitor system sends out warning signals of arcing fault. The system fulfills on-line detection for arcing fault, and early warning is established by arcing sound, arcing light and short-circuit current. The system is proved by experiment to be of high accuracy and high speed. 9 Refs. In Chinese. 
Key Words: the monitor system of arcing fault; duffing; arcing sound; warning
YANG Jian-hong (Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China), ZHANG Ren-cheng, FANG Huai-ying // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 64-67.

Based on numeric-simulation design and calibration of 10 kV impulse voltage divider. Based on field-circuit equivalence, using hybrid finite element-analytical approach, the mutual capacitance and mutual inductance of a 10 kV impulse voltage divider is extracted. By analyzing the extracted parameters, the distribution pattern of mutual capacitance is discussed. The Milne method is used to analyze an equivalent circuit, in which the mutual capacitance and inductance are used as circuit parameters and as a result the simulation of a virtual divider is accomplished. To achieve the agreement of the results between simulation and measuring, a 10 kV impulse voltage system is established and calibrated by National Institute of Metrology. According to the step impulse test, the partial response time is 2.73 ns, the overshoot is 10.33% and the stable time is 20.46ns. The expanded uncertainty of the impulse peak voltage is 0.192%, the expanded uncertainty of front time is 1.5%, and the expanded uncertainty of half-wave time is 1.58%, which is qualified for electromagnetism compatibility. 5 Refs. In Chinese.
Key Words: resistance divider, field-circuit approach, stray parameters, uncertainty, equivalent circuit
LIU Yi (Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), ZENG Rong, GENG Yi-nan, et al. // Adv. Tech. of Elec. Eng. & Energy, 2007, 26(1). 73-76.

A development study for Chinese large scale renewable energy source base and technology

YAN Lu-guang, XIA Xun-cheng, ZHOU Feng-qi, ZHAO Zhong-xian, LIU Dong-sheng, KUANG Ting-yun, ZHANG Xin-shi, ZHOU Xiao-xin, LI Can, ZHU Rui-zhao, CHEN Yong, BAI Ke-zhi, LU Tian-hong, KONG Li, HU Xue-hao, XU Hong-hua, ZHAO Dai-qing, LV Shao-qin, HUANG Chang-gang
(Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China)

Abstract: The renewable energy is an abundant, widely existing, and clean primary energy source. With the gradual exhaustion of the fossil fuel, its role in the sustainable energy development of the whole mankind will be higher and higher, and its percentage in the energy supply system will be ever increasing. During the first half of 21 th century the readjustment process of energy structure has been starting. The main renewable energy besides the water energy will be solar, wind, biomass energies. A study of Chinese large scale renewable energy source base and technology with the participation of academicians and specialists concerned is organized by Chinese Academy of Sciences. Brief conclusion and propose of the study were included in this report.
Key words: renewable energy sources; solar energy; wind energy; biomass energy; energy source base

A strategy of torque ripple minimization for BLDC motors with nonideal back EMF

XIAO Wei, ZHANG Lei, QU Wen-long
(Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract：Torque ripple minimization is one of main research fields of BLDC motors. Nonideal back EMF usually induces more distinct torque ripple rather than commutation torque. As improving motor design is not easy, optimizing current reference is an effective way to minimize toque ripple. In this paper, relationship between current, back EMF and torque harmonics is analysed. A harmonic-injection arithmetic based on off-line back EMF is introduced and voltage space vector PWM is applied to eliminate torque harmonics. Simulated and experimental results are presented and it is proved that the new control strategy obviously improves torque characteristic for a BLDC motor with nonideal back EMF.
Key words：BLDC motor; nonideal back EMF; torque ripple; harmonic-injection

Application of advanced GENOCOPIII algorithm to reactive power optimization

ZHANG Ke, HOU Shi-ying, LV Hou-yu, WANG Ling-yi
(The Key Lab. of High Voltage Eng. and Elec. New Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)
 Abstract: In this paper, GENOCOPIII (Genetic algorithm for Numerical Optimization of Constrained Problems) algorithm is applied to reactive power optimization (RPO). The GENOCOPIII algorithm is a co-evolutionary algorithm for numerical optimization problems with nonlinear constraints. The algorithm maintains two separate populations. The first population consists of the so-called search points from S which satisfy linear constraints of the problem (as in the original Genocop system), the second population consists of the so-called reference points. These points are fully feasible. This algorithm uses the method of repairing infeasible individuals to search the feasible points. The proposed algorithm is applied to IEEE 14-bus system; the numerical results of the simulation demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of this algorithm.
Key words: power system; reactive power optimization; genetic algorithm; evolution
strategy

Auto-tracing compensation arc-suppressing device based on industrial personal computer

LIAO Cheng1，LI Zhao-hui1，LIN Yu-huai2
(1.Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; 2.Xinyang District Electric Power Bureau, Xinyang 464000, China)
Abstract: An auto-tracing compensation arc-suppressing device based on industrial personal computer is studied here. The principle and features of resonating methods of arc-quenching coil are analyzed in this paper. The method of automatic resonance adjustment by industrial personal computer is described. Finally, some field experimental results are also presented. The method makes the design of mainboard and programs easier, and considerably enhances measurement precision and system reliability. This system can store and print a mass of historical data. And the operating states in both normal and fault conditions can be displayed on a large screen. This device can be operated from both the central control room and operator standby.
Key words: auto-tracing；industrial personal computer；resonating principle；arc-suppressing device；compensation

Development of 100kVA enhanced SVG based on three-phase four-wire power system

CHEN Bo, ZHUO Fang, WANG Zhao’an
(Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

Abstract: A device of 100kVA enhanced SVG (Static Var Generator) with three-phase four-wire power system is introduced in this paper, which is based on dual DSP control scheme. First, the basic operation principle of device is presented briefly. Then it is proposed that the main circuit is four-leg topology configuration. The dual DSP circuit is adopted to realize the digital-analog hybrid control scheme. At last, some field running and multi-function experimental results are obtained. The results show that the device based on TTA (Time-domain based Transform Algorithm) has the perfect performance in that it not only decreases largely THD but also compensates effectively the reactive and imbalance current. The device runs steadily and has the flexible compensation ability, which is worth developing in practice.　 
Key words: three-phase four-wire; enhanced SVG; dual DSP; imbalance current